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Title : Dislike for Unfamiliar Groups of People May Be Learned
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Dislike for Unfamiliar Groups of People May Be Learned

Psych Central | Jul 16, 2017 | Traci Pederson

A new study suggests that although we are inherently drawn to familiar groups of people, having dislike for unfamiliar groups appears to be a learned behavior.

The findings show that, by the age of one, young children already prefer speakers of their native tongue, but do not necessarily view speakers of an unfamiliar language negatively, according to the research at the University of British Columbia (UBC).

“Persistent discrimination and conflict across cultures has led psychologists to question whether we are naturally inclined to like people who are similar to ourselves and to dislike those who are different, or whether we are taught to feel this way,” said Anthea Pun, the study’s lead author and a graduate student in the UBC department of psychology.

“These findings suggest both are true: liking people who are similar to ourselves seems to be an innate bias, but disliking those who are different is something we likely learn later.”

Previous research has shown that three-year-olds show positive biases toward people who are similar to them and negative biases towards those who are different. In the new study, the UBC researchers wanted to focus on infants to find out when and how these biases first emerge.

The study involved six experiments with 456 infants aged eight to 16 months at Science World’s Living Lab located at TELUS World of Science in Vancouver. The experiments investigated how quickly babies habituated to either familiar or unfamiliar language speakers performing prosocial (giving) behavior or antisocial (taking) behavior.

Habituation measures how long it takes infants to process pictures and sounds. When the information matches the infants’ expectations, attention declines at a faster rate. By measuring infants’ rate of habituation, the researchers were able to independently measure whether infants had formed positive or negative evaluations of people speaking familiar and unfamiliar languages.

Overall, the findings show that, by one year of age, infants not only think of speakers of their native language as good, but they also expect them to be prosocial. The infants appeared to be surprised when observing speakers of their native language engaging in antisocial behavior.

The infants did not appear to have any positive or negative expectations of speakers of an unfamiliar language, however, suggesting that negativity toward groups different from their own is likely learned after the first year of life.

 Featured Image © Psych Central


 

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